LL-37

LL-37 is the only cathelicidin-family antimicrobial peptide produced by the human body, generated by immune cells and by skin and gut lining cells as part of innate immune defense.

Studies show it kills bacteria and fungi by disrupting their outer membranes, while also binding and neutralizing bacterial toxins such as LPS.

Research has also found that LL-37 enhances macrophage uptake of bacteria and helps calibrate immune signaling, supporting wound closure and new blood vessel formation at sites of infection or injury.

This dual antimicrobial and immune-modulating activity is driving continued research into LL-37’s role in infection control and tissue repair.